NOI Calculator

Calculate Net Operating Income to evaluate rental property performance. See detailed expense breakdowns and operating ratios.

Annual Income

Annual Operating Expenses

Enter annual amounts. Do NOT include mortgage payments - NOI is calculated before debt service.

NOI Analysis

Net Operating Income
$29,900
annual
Effective Gross Income
$46,740
Operating Expense Ratio
36.0%

Income Statement

Gross Potential Income+$49,200
Less: Vacancy (5%)-$2,460
Effective Gross Income$46,740
Less: Operating Expenses-$16,840
Net Operating Income (NOI)$29,900

Expense Breakdown

Property Taxes
$6,000
35.6%
Insurance
$2,400
14.3%
Maintenance
$3,600
21.4%
Property Management
$3,840
22.8%
Advertising
$200
1.2%
Legal/Professional
$300
1.8%
Other Expenses
$500
3.0%

What is NOI Used For?

Cap Rate Calculation

Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Property Value

DSCR Calculation

DSCR = NOI ÷ Annual Debt Service

Property Valuation

Value = NOI ÷ Cap Rate

Loan Qualification

Lenders use NOI to determine loan amounts

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Understanding Net Operating Income

Net Operating Income is the foundation of commercial real estate analysis. It tells you how much money a property generates from operations before financing and taxes.

NOI Formula

NOI = Effective Gross Income - Operating Expenses

Where Effective Gross Income = Gross Potential Rent + Other Income - Vacancy

How NOI is Used

  • Cap Rate: Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Property Value
  • Property Valuation: Value = NOI ÷ Cap Rate
  • DSCR: DSCR = NOI ÷ Annual Debt Service
  • Loan Sizing: Lenders use NOI to determine max loan amounts

Operating Expense Ratio

Operating Expense Ratio = Operating Expenses ÷ Effective Gross Income

Typical ratios range from 35-50% for residential and 25-45% for commercial, depending on property type and who pays utilities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is NOI in real estate?

NOI (Net Operating Income) is a property's income after operating expenses but before mortgage payments, taxes, and depreciation. It's the key metric for evaluating commercial and rental property profitability.

How do you calculate NOI?

NOI = Gross Rental Income + Other Income - Vacancy Loss - Operating Expenses. Operating expenses include property taxes, insurance, maintenance, management, and utilities. Do NOT include mortgage payments.

Why is mortgage not included in NOI?

NOI measures property performance independent of financing. This allows investors to compare properties with different debt structures and calculate cap rate, which is based on unlevered returns.

What is a good NOI?

NOI itself isn't "good" or "bad" - it depends on the property value. What matters is cap rate (NOI ÷ Value) and whether NOI covers your debt service. A positive NOI is necessary; sufficient NOI to achieve your target returns is ideal.

What expenses are included in NOI?

Include: property taxes, insurance, repairs/maintenance, property management, utilities (if owner-paid), HOA fees, landscaping, advertising, legal fees, and other operating costs. Exclude: mortgage payments, depreciation, income taxes, capital expenditures.

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